|
The California Master Plan for Higher Education of 1960 was developed by a survey team appointed by the UC Regents and the State Board of Education during the administration of Governor Pat Brown. Clark Kerr, then the President of UC, was a key figure in its development. The Plan set up a coherent system for postsecondary education which defined specific roles for the already-existing University of California (UC), the California State ''College'' (CSC) system of senior colleges, now California State ''University'' (CSU), and the California Community Colleges system (CCC). The Master Plan also proposed a statutory framework for its implementation, which was signed into law by Governor Brown on April 27, 1960. The statute actually implementing the Master Plan is formally titled the Donahoe Higher Education Act〔California Education Code Section 66000 states that "()his part shall be known and may be cited as the Donahoe Higher Education Act."〕 (now located at Part 40 of Division 3 of Title 3 of the California Education Code), to honor the memory of Assemblywoman Dorothy Donahoe of Bakersfield. Donahoe had authored the legislative resolution which eventually resulted in the study that created the Master Plan, and was one of its foremost advocates. However, she died on April 4, 1960, and did not live to see the Plan's recommendations signed into law. ==History== Prior to the Master Plan's development in the 1960s, California struggled to reform its social institutions. Under political stranglehold, due to the 1920s-era railroad monopoly, new, self-proclaimed reformers attempted to overthrow the economic and political corruption existing in the state at the time. They wanted to create new institutions with a public morality to give California a new form of purpose.〔John Douglass, "The California Idea and American Higher Education" (Stanford, VA: Stanford University Press, 2000), p. 81.〕 However, in the early years of California's emergence the population remained largely mobile, moving from opportunity to opportunity, making it almost impossible for the state to create permanent public schools. Furthermore, California progressives encountered obstacles in the form of people who thought that education should remain the work of local and religious groups, as well as being opposed to paying taxes for social purposes. Another wall towards progress that they needed to circumvent was the issue of appropriating land and money for universities. The 1st and 2nd Organic Acts (of 1866 and 1868, respectively) helped by first introducing the possibility of a state secular institution and second, actually allowing for the creation of a state university controlled by a Board of Regents (which would become the University of California).〔John Douglass, "The California Idea and American Higher Education" (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000).〕 In the 1950s, the state's legislators and academic administrators foresaw an approaching surge in University enrollment, due to the baby boom children coming of age. They needed a plan to be able to maintain educational quality in the face of growing demand.〔California State Department of Education (1960). (A Master Plan for Higher Education in California: 1960-1975 ). Chapter IV - Students: The Problem of Numbers, p. 46. Retrieved: 2014-04-19.〕 The underlying principles that they sought were: * That some form of higher education ought to be available to all regardless of their economic means, and that academic progress should be limited only by individual proficiency; and * differentiation of function so that each of the three systems would strive for excellence in different areas, so as to not waste public resources on duplicate efforts.〔University of California (2009). (California Master Plan for Higher Education - Major Features ). Office of the President. Retrieved: 2014-04-19.〕 The original Master Plan was approved by the Regents and the State Board of Education and submitted to the Legislature in February 1960. In April of that year, the California Legislature passed the ''Donahoe Act'' placing into statute a number of components of the Master Plan.〔 However, California's Master Plan is more than a single statute. The 1960 Master Plan is embodied in several documents: # A study completed by the Master Plan Survey Team approved by the State Board of Education and the University of California Board of Regents # The ''Donahoe Act'' giving legal force to several key components of the plan # A constitutional amendment which established the California State Colleges Board of Trustees (renamed the California State University in 1974).〔UC Berkeley (2010). (Major Features and a Brief Guide to the California Master Plan ). Center for Studies in Higher Education. Retrieved: 2014-04-19.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「California Master Plan for Higher Education」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|